ACE-031

• Promote muscle growth. The proteins in the TGF-B superfamily are used to regulate muscle growth, which act as on and off witches for muscle production. In order to prevent muscle growth, some molecules, like GDF-8, combine with activin type IIB receptors, thereby preventing muscle production. When these off switches aren’t present, the mass of the muscles will increase dramatically. Studies have shown that ACE-031 peptide can help promote muscle growth and inhibit signal transduction from activin type IIB receptor. Then it binds to other proteins that use activin type IIB receptors, indicating that muscle growth is restricted. Once combined with these proteins, ACE-031 will stop communicating with ActRIIB, thereby increasing muscles. Because it prevents certain proteins from sending signals through activin type IIB receptor, its effect on lean muscle goes beyond the effect of myostatin alone.
• Enhance bone density. It can increase muscle strength and bone density while reducing fat deposits. The increase in bone mineral density is the result of a decrease in the number of osteoclasts, which are responsible for breaking down bones. The increase in mass is due to the enhanced mineralization that improves the biomechanics of the bone and enhances the maximum strength the bone can withstand the stiffness of the bone.
• Fat loss, enhance bone strength and healing rate after fracture.The benefits of ACE-031 in cancer are not strictly related to muscle composition, strength and lean body mass. Obviously, reducing muscle loss in cancer and cancer treatment can significantly extend life. In addition, inactivating myostatin in cancer can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce fat deposition, reduce inflammation, and enhance bone strength and healing rate after fracture.
• It has great potential for treating neuromuscular disease, such as muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).

The ACE-031 administration produced a significant increase in body weight, which confirmed the increase in muscle mass. Compared with the untreated control group, administration of myostatin neutralizing antibody JA16 for 15 weeks can significantly increase body weight. However, in the experiment, using ACE-031 within only 4 weeks also caused a significant increase in body weight. The faster weight gain is mainly due to ACE-031 having greater muscle building ability by inhibiting the ability of a variety of ActRIIB ligands as negative regulators of skeletal muscle. In addition, in myostatin-deficient mice, the side-by-side comparison of myostatin neutralizing antibody JA16 and soluble ActRIIb concluded that, compared with the inhibitory effect of myostatin alone, the effect of multiple ActRIIB ligands Inhibition stimulates greater muscle growth.